Dfl 32 

.7 
.P4 
1922 
Copy 1 



AN OUTLINE ANALYSIS 

OF THE HISTORY 

OF ENGLAND 



(Revised) 



BY 



CLARENCE PERKINS, Ph.D. 

PROFESSOR OF EUROPEAN HISTORY 
AT THE UNIVERSITY OF 
NORTH DAKOTA 



I 



■ 



i 

m 



AN OUTLINE ANALYSIS OF THE 
HISTORY OF ENGLAND 

(Revised) 



BY 

CLARENCE PERKINS, Ph.D, 

PROFESSOR OF EUROPEAN HISTORY AT 
UNIVERSITY OF NORTH DAKOTA 



PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR, 

Grand Forks, N. D. 




Copyright, 1922, by 
CLARENCE PERKINS 



JUL 28 '^2 

©CI.A677671- 






I. GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES OF THE BRITISH ISLES AND 
THEIR INFLUENCE ON BRITISH HISTORY. 

1. Influence of general location ; e. g. insularity and position as 

regards world trade at present. 

2. Climate and it.s influence. 

3. Surface of the land ; e. g. mountains, forests, swamps, etc. 

4. Coasts and rivers. 

.5. Basic economic resources. Factors in the economic prosperity 

of Britain. 
6. Contrast all of the above with the geographical features of 

Scotland and Ireland. 
References : — Cheyney, Short History of England, 1-11 ; Cross, Shorter 

History of England and Gh'eater Britain, 1-7. 

II. BRITAIN BEFORE THE NORMAN CONQUEST. 

1. Britain before the Anglo-Saxon Congest. 

A. Pre-historic men in Britain. 

B. Character of Celtic civilization, 

C. Roman Britain. Character and influence of Roman rule. 

2. The Anglo-Saxon migration to Britain. 

A. Customs before the migration. . 

B. Character of their invasions. Slight influence of Celts and 
Romans on Anglo-Saxon civilization. 

C. The leading tribal states at the close of the Teutonic in- 
vasions. 

3. Forces leading to the unification of Anglo-Saxon England, 

A. Union of the small tribal states into larger kingdoms. Cul- 
mination of this process in the overlordship of the kings 
of Wessex, 

B. Influence of Christianity. The Synod of Whitby and the 
work of Theodore of Tarsus. 

C. The Danish invasions of the ninth century. Character and 
influence on the unification of England. 

D. King Alfred and his work. 

a. Checking of the Danish invaders. 

b. Military reorganization. 

c. Laws and political reorganization. 

d. Promotion of literature, education, and religious re- 
forms. 

E. Completion of the unification resulting from the reconquest 
of the Danelaw. Work of Dunstan. 

4. Disorders preceding the Norman conquest (978-1066). 

A. Rise of feudal conditions. Incompetence of Ethelred the 
Redeless. 

B. The Second Danish invasion. Reign of Cnut and his 
policies. 

C. Growth of Norman influence under Edward the Confessor. 
Struggles between the Normans and Saxons. 

References: — Cheyney, Short History of England, 12-71, 76-78, 85-93; 
Cross, Shorter History, 8-41. 

— 3 — 



5. Institutions and civilization of Anglo-Saxon England. 

A. Political organization. 

a. Township, manor, and parish and their local self-govern- 
ment. 

b. Hundred and shire and their moots. 

c. The Witenagemot. Contrast with the shire and hun- 
dred moots. 

d. The king. Revenues, authority, and sources of his 
power. 

e. Decline of the royal power in the last century of the 
Anglo-Saxon period. 

B. The lives of the people. 

a. The agricultural system. 

b. Buildings and manner of life of various classes of the 
people. 

c. Trade. 

C. Social ranks and classes. 

D. The Church, learning and literature. 

References : — Cross, Shorter History, 42-51 ; Cross, History, 62-74 ; 
Cheyney, Short History of England, 71-83. 

III. ENGLAND UNDER THE ABSOLUTE MONARCHY OF THE 
NORMAN KINGS. 

1. The Norman Conquest and its momentous results. 

A. Causes and events which led to the invasion of William, 
Duke of Normandy. His character and career up to 1066. 

B. The Battle of Senlac (or Hastings), 1066, and the com- 
pletion of the conquest in the following years. 

C. Policies of William I. Influence of the Norman Conquest 
on English institutions and the development of the English 
nation. 

a. Government and legal institutions. Foreign relations. 

b. Feudalism before and after the Conquest. Attitude of 
the king toward the nobles. Contrast English feudalism 
with that of Continental Europe. 

c. Influence on the Church. 

d. Economic and social effects. 

e. Language, literature, and art. 

References : — Cheyney, Short History of England, 91-113, 132-143 ; 
Cross, Shorter History, 40-41.53-61 ; Cross, History of England 
and Greater Britain, 76-90. 

2. The immediate successors of William the Conqueror. 

A. Character and work of William II (William Rufus). 

B. England under Henry I. 

a. Character and ability of the king. 

b. His charter of liberties. 

c. Baronial revolts. Conquest of Normandy. 

d. Relations with the Church. 

e. Development of new administrative machinery. 

— 4 — 



(1) The curia regis. (2) The itinerant justices. (3) 
The exchequer. 
C. The anarchy under King Stephen. 

a. Causes of the weakening of the government and the 
civil war. 

b. Effects on England. Outcome of the struggle. 
Refkrences : — Cheyney. Short Hl.stori/. Ilo-IHI ; Cross. Shorter History, 

01-70. 

IV. EN(JLANr) T'NDEK THE ANGEVIN KINGS. 
1. Henry II. 

A. Personal character of the king — his methods and habits. 
P.. The Angevin Empire — its history and extensions under 

Henry II. 

a. Territories of Henry II. How they were acquired. 
1). Continental wars — objects and extent of success. 
C. His quarrel with Thomas Becket. 

a. Remote and immediate causes. 

b. The Constitutions of Clarendon. Terms. Who was 
■ right, the king or the archbishop? 

c. Later events. Murder of Becket. Henry's penance. 

d. Outcome. Where was popular sympathy? Why? 

B. His constitutional and legal, and military reforms. 

a. The need of reforms in government and law. 

b. Extension of exchequer and curia regis. Advantages to 
king and people, especially the common law. 

c. The new procedure. 

(1) Origins of the jury. Use before Henry II. 

(2) Judicial methods which he found in use. 

(3) Forms of jury which Henry II introduced. Indict- 
ment juries and recognition juries. 

(4) Completion of the jury system in later years. 

(5) Why did the kings favor jury trial? 

d. Military reforms. 

(1) Scutage. (2) The Assize of Arms. 
ItKFKRENOEs': — Cheyney, Short History, 14.'")-17] ; Cross, Shorter History, 

71-79. 
AmuTioNAL References : — 

(1) Mrs. J. R. Green, Henry IT, 3r>-12G and mor(>. 

(2) Stubbs, The Early Planfayrnets. 34-109 and Maitland, Con- 
stitutional History of England, 115-131. 

2. Richard I. Personal character and exploits. 

3. John (Lackland) and the beginnings of limited monarchy. 

A. Character of the king. 

B. Loss of the Angevin inheritance. Influence on England. 

C. Conflict with the Church and its influence. 

D. Magna Carta. 1215. 

a. Objects of the barons. 

b. How the Charter was won. 



c. Main provisions of the Charter. 

(1) Feudal obligations. 

(2) Administration of law and justice, espec-ially chap- 
ter 86. Did the Charter provide for the Writ of 
Habeas Corpus or trial by jury? 

(3) Fundamental principles of the constitution, espec- 
ially chapters 12. 14. .S9-4(). Did the Charter give 
equal rights to all Englishmen, i. e., was it a feudal 
or national document? Did it provide for no tax- 
ation without representation? 

(4) How the Charter was to be enforced. Compare 
with the United States Constitution. Defects of 
the Charter. 

d. Importance of the Charter — its influence on the consti- 
tutional development of England. How and why it was 
later overestimated. 

e. John's conduct after granting the Charter. 

f. Attitude of the pope. Why? 

llEFEREisrcES : — Cheyney. ^hort IliKtorj/. 171-184; Cross. Shorter History, 

80-82, 89-97. 
Additional Reference: — Adams and Stephens, Select Dociwicnts (for 

the text of the Charter). 

V^ ENGLAND UNDER THE EARLY PLANTAGENETS. 

1. The manuscript records of medieval English History. Historical 
bibliography. See Chaiies Gross, Sourrcs and Literature of 
English History to L't^-l. 

2. Heni-y III and the rise of a national baronial opposition to the 
Crown. 

A. Causes that led to baronial revolts. Contrast with previous 
ones. 

B. Work of the Mad Parliament — the Provisions of Oxford. 

C. The Barons" War and the Parliament of 1205. 

D. Outcome and results. 

3. Edward I. the English .lustinian. 1272-1307. 

A. King Edward I — his character, personality. an<l plans. 

B. Wars of Edward I and his son. Edward II. 

a. Conquest of Wales. 

b. Continental wars. 

e. Wars for the conquest of Scotland. 

(1) Causes and main events in F]dward Ls time. 

(2) Scotch rising under Robert Bruce (1306). The 
Battle of Bannockburn (1314) assures Scotch in- 
dependence. 

( •. The growth of parliamentary institutions. 

a. Why Edward I tried to build up parliament. 

b. Precedents for parliament. 

c. The Model Parliament, 1295. 

(1) Why summoned. 

(2) Composition — importance of this. 

— 6 — 



(;i) How and why the composition of later parliaments- 
tended to chancre early in the fourteenth century. 
Significance of this, 
d. The Confirmation of the Charters. 1297. Why granted.. 
Its importance. 
I). Relations between Edward I and the Church. 
E. Legislation of Edward I. Its object and effects. 

a. Statutes of Westminster I and II. 

b. Statute of Winchester. 

c. Statute of Mortmain. 

4. Decline of royalty under the unworthy Edward II. 

A. Causes. 

B. Baronial revolts. The Ordinances of 1311. 

C. Deposition of the king. Significance and results. 
References :— Cheyney, Short History. 20fl-229 ; Cross. Shorter History,. 

111-123; Cross. History of England and Orcater Britain, 166-187.. 
Additional References : — 

(1) Tout, Edward L 58-85. 120-163. 191-198. 

(2) Taswell-Langmead. Enfflish Constitutional History. 182-209- 
• and Maitland. Constitutional History of England. 64-91. 

VI. CIVILIZATION OF ENGLAND IN THE TWELFTH AND THIR- 
TEENTH CENTURIES. 

1. Learning and literature. 

A. The universities. 

a. The monastic schogls and their ciu-ricula. 
1). Origin of the luiiversities of Oxford and Cambridge- 
Meaning of university? Of its degrees? 

c. Origin and importance of the collegiate system. 

d. The university studies — scholasticism. Student life. 

B. Literature. 

a. Literature in Norman-French and English. 

b. Literature in Latin. 

(1) Development of historical writing in the 13th cen- 
tury. Work of Matthew Paris. 

(2) The great law writers — Glanville and Bracton. 

C. Languages of thirteenth century England. When and how 
did the English language develop? 

2. The Church. 

A. Organization and government in England. 

B. The monastic movement. 

a. Origins. 

b. New orders of the 11th and 12th centuries. 

c. Life in the monasteries. 

(1) Buildings. (2) Organization. (3) Daily life. 

d. New orders of the 13th century. The Mendicants — Fran- 
ciscans and Dominicans — and their work. 

3. Architectui'e and Art. 

A. Ecclesiastical architecture. 

a. The Norman style. Durham Cathedral. 

— 7 — 



b. The Early English style. Salisbury Cathedral. 

c. The later Decorated aud Perpendicular styles. Glouces- 
ter Cathedral. 

B. Secular architecture. 
a. Castles. 

(1) Purposes and chief features of the Norman castles. 

(2) Features of 13th and 14th century castles. 

(3) Tendencies in later castle construction. 
I>. Domestic architecture. 

(1) Manor hovises. See Robinson, Readings in European 
History, I, 404-405. 

(2) Houses of the common folk. 
4. Social and economic conditions. 

A. Fusion of Normans and English — how soon it took place. 

B. Life of the aristocracy. Titles and extent of wealth. 

a. Work of the aristocracy, b. Daily life in a manor 
house. Amusements, food, and dress. 

C. The manorial system. 

a. Oi'ganization of the manor — the agricultural system. 

(1) The desmesne. 

(2) Holdings of the villagers. 

(3) The common lands. 

(4) Methods of cultivation. Staple crops. 

(5) Manorial records. See Robinson, Readings in Euro- 
pean History. I, 399-404. 

b. Revenues of the lord from the manor. 

c. Restrictions on freedom of villeins. Village life. 

d. Tendencies toward removal of these restrictions. 

D. Ti-ade and town life. 

a. Growth of towns. TimeV 

(1) Causes. Where located? (2) Privileges acquired 
by royal charters. (3) Chief industries. 

b. The guild system. Advantages and disadvantages. 

(1) Merchant guilds. (2) Craft guilds. Their char- 
acter, functions, and importance. Compare with modem 
trade unions. 

c. Function of markets and fairs in medieval trade. Cus- 
toms and courts of the markets and fairs. 

d. Means of travel, and travellers. See Jusserand, English 
Wayfaring Life in the Middle Ages. 

E. The Jews and their relations to the Crown and people. 

F. Public health. 

G. Crime and criminals. Were law and order maintained? 
H. The art of war. 

References : — 

(The first references to Traill, Social England are to the new 
illustrated edition ; those in parentheses refer to the old edition 
without illustrations.) 
Cross, History of England and Greater Britain. 125-132, 157-165. 

— 8 — 



211-224, or Cross, Shorter History, 66-67, 82-87, 104-110, 137-149 ; 
Tout. Advanced History, 146-156, 242-251. 
Additional References :— 
THE UNIVERSITIES. 

(1) Rashdall, The Vniversitics of the Middle Ages, Vol. II, espe- 
cially 388-417, 440-542, 593-709. 

(2) Traill. Social Enyland, I, 481-495 or (332-343). 613-027 or 

(429-440), and II. 85-103 or (61-74). 

(3) Graves, History of Education during the Middle Ages, 72-94, 
and Jessopp, The Coming of the Friars, 264-291, 295-299. 

(4) Barnard, F. P., Companion to English History (Middle 
Ages), 303-315. 321-328. 

LITERATI RE AND LANGUAGE. 

Traill. I. 495-512 or (344-350) and 628-640 or (440-450) ; Taine, 
History of English Literature; or Jusserand, Literary History 
of the English People. 

THE CHURCH. 

(1) Traill. II. 24-43 or (18-32) and I, 550-558 or (382-388). 

(2) Jessopp. The Coming of the Friars, chapter I. and Bateson, 
Medieval England. 330-375. 

(3) Barnard. Companion to English History. 242-208 (article by 
Jessopp. on "Moiiasticism"). 

ARCHITECTURE AND ART. 

(1) Traill. I. 457-481 Or (319-332) and 592-613 or (415-428). 

(2) Barnard. Companion to English History, 1-89. 
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS. 

(1) Barnard. Companion to English History, 220-241. 187-219, 
268-302. 

(2) Cheyney. Industrial and Social History of England, chap- 
ters 2-4. 

(3) Tickuer. F. W.. Social and Industrial History of England, 
10-84. 132-147. 

(4 1 Traill. Social England. I. 512-558 (or 450-482), II, 131-143 
(or 92-100). and vol. I. 428-438 (or 299-304). 

VIL ENGLAND UNDER THE LATER PLANTAGENETS. 
1. The Hundred Years' War under Edward III. 

A. Chararter and policies of Edward III. 

B. Causes of the war. 

C. The first period of the war (to 1360). 

a. Caujpaigiis in the Netherlands — Battle of Sluys. 

b. Invasion of Normandy — Battle of Crecy and results. 

d. Reasons for the English victories. 

e. Treaties of Bretigny and Calais (1360). 

f. Results of the war to England and France. 

I). Second period of the Hundred Years' War, (1369-1377). 

a. Causes leading to the renewal of war. 

b. Character of the campaigns. Reasons for the Frendi' 
victories. Results. 

— 9 — 



2. The great reform movements of the later fourteenth century In 
Enghmrl. 
A. The movement for religious reform. 

a. Causes. 

b. Progress of the movement. 

(1) Statutes of Pro visors and Praemunire, (1351-1353). 

(2) Refusal to pay tribute to the pope (1366). 

c. The work of John WyclifEe. 

(1) His character and program. Gradual development 
of his radical ideas. 

(2) Causes of his alliance with John of Gaunt. 

(3) Results of the Wycliffite movement. To what ex- 
tent a success or a failure and why. 

B. The political reform movement. Rise of parliament. 

a. Powers won by parliament and how obtained. 

b. The need for reforms in government. 

c. Work of the Good Parliament (1376.) 

C The movement for economic and social reform — the Peas- 
ants' Revolt of 1381. 

a. Causes. 

(1) The gi'eat plagues and their effects. The Statute 
of Laborers. 

(2) . Widespread luirest among the masses. Causes? 

(3) The poll taxes. 

b. Objects of the insurrectionists. 

c. Suppression of the levolt. Its effects. 

3. The Lancastrian Revolution (131)!)). Deposition of Richard II 
and accessi(m of Henry IV. 

4. Social and intellectual characteristics of the 14tli century. ■ 

A. Increasing use of the English language. 

B. Great literary development. Chief writers and their works. 
Reasons for this development. 

References: — Cheyney. ^hort Histori/. 230-262; Cross. Shorter History, 
125-136. 149-160. 

Additional References : — G. M. Trevelyan. Euf/loiul in the Age of 
Wycliffc is excellent. Taswell-Langmead. English Constitutional 
History (new edition) 210-227. or (old edition) 250-282 gives a 
good account of the constitutional development. 

VIII. ENGLAND TENDER THE LANCASTRIAN AND YORKIST 
KINGS. 

1. Significance and results of the Lancastrian revolution. 

A. Victory of constitutional opposition and religious orthodoxy. 

B. Increase of powers of parliament. 

C. Orthodoxy enforced by the government. Heresy legislation. 

2. The last half of the Hundred Years" War. 1414-1453. 

A. Causes of the renewal of the war. Character of Henry V. 

B. Henry V's expeditions to France. 

C. Disastrous end of the war. 

a. Joan of Arc arouses French national patriotism. 

— 10 — 



b. Gradual witlulrawal and final defeat of the English. 
Reasons. 

3. The Wars of the Hoses. Note especially the rise of a "Now 
Feudalism" as a cause. 

4. Revolution that placed Henry Tudor on the throne (1485). 
References: — Cheyney. 2(;4-270 ; Cross Shorter History, 161-182. 

X. THE EARLY TUDOR PERIOD. 

1. General characteristics of the Tudor period. 

A. Relations of parliament and the kings. Were the Tudors 
despots ? 

B. Religious. Beginnings of the Protestant Revolt. 

C. Intellectual. The Renaissance spreads to England. 

D. Economic and social. Growth of material prosperity. 

2. England under Henry VII. 

A. Foreign policies. 

a. Objects, b. Extent of success. 

B. Domestic policies and how they were carried out. 

a. His policies toward the i-emaining Yorkists. Methods 
used to make his throne secui'e. 

b. Treatment of the middle classs. 

c. Policies toward pai'liament. Financial policies. 

d. Welsh and Irish policies. Poynings's Law. 

3. The early years of Henry YIII. 

A. Character and personality of the king. 

B. Foreign and domestic policies of Cardinal Wolsey. 
References: — Cheyney. Short Histonj. 278-293; Cross. Shorter History, 

183-20r>. 
Additional References : — 

(1) Innes, Emjhnid under the Tudors, 1-8, 45-85. 

(2) Creighton, Cardinal Wolsey. 124-149. 

(3) Pollard. Hefiry VIII, 108-135. 

X. THE PROTESTANT REVOLT IN ENGLAND. 

1. Causes and events leading to the separation from Rome. 

A. The divorce question and the fall of Wolsey. 

a. Origins. 

b. Efforts to win papal consent. 

c. Reasons for their failure. 

d. Fall of Wolsey. 

B. The work of the Reformation Parliament, 1529-1536. 

a. Legislation directed toward the reform of abuses. 

b. Legislation directed toward the coercion of the pope 
and the establishment of an independent National 
Church. How this served the king's purpose. 

o. Extent to which this legislation was due to the popular 
will or to Henry's orders. 

(1) Influence of the New Learning. 

(2) Weakness of the Church in England. 

(3) Anti-papal feeling in England. Origin and extent. 

— n - 



(4) Did Henry VIII "pack" parliament to get this legis- 
lation voted? 
d. Dissolution of the monasteries. 

(1) Causes. 

(2) How the suppression was carried out. The case 
for and against the monasteries. 

(8) Results of the suppression. Political, religious, 
economic, and .social, especially the extension of 
the enclosure movement. 

C. Punishment of those who would not accept the changes. 

D. Evidences of a drift towards Protestanism — doctrinal 
changes of the period and other radical measures. 

E. Economic hlunders of Henry Vlll. Why he was so em- 
barrassed financially. 

F. His Irish and Welsh policies. 

G. Essential effects of the changes made by Henry VIII. Esti- 
mate his character and work. (See Pollard, Henry VIII, 
pp. 4?.l-440. To what extent did Henry VIII make Eng- 
land a Protestant country? 

References: — Cheyney, i^hort Ilisfori/ 'JiYA-'.'AO : Cross. Shorter History, 

194-22S ; Cross. History. 2n4-.34C. 
Additional References : — 

(1) Pollard. Henry Vlll. 82-80. 172-211). 228-288. 240-819, 375- 
877.481-44(1. 

(2) Innes, England luidcr thv Tudor s. Sli-ISG. 

(3) Lingard. History of England, vol. IV. 107-113. 231-264, 
(Written from the Roman Catholic point of view.) 

(4) Gascjuet, Henry VIII and the English Monasteries or Gas- 
quet. The Eve of the Reformation in England. (Great 
works by an eminent Roman Catholic scholar, now Cardinal 
and Director of the Vatican Library.) 

2. The Protestants control under Edward VI. 

A. Establisliment of moderate Protestantism by the Lord Pro- 
tector, the Duke of Somerset. 

a. Character of Someiset. 

b. Religious changes. The First Prayer Book of Edward 
VI (15-40). Act of Uniformity. 

d. Further contiscations of Churcli property. 

e. Cau.ses of Somerset's fall. 

B. The ascendeucy of Dudley. Earl of Warwick. Radical 
Protestantism set up. 

a. His character and aims. 

b. Religious changes — why carried on so rapidly. 

(1) Second Act of Uniformity and the Second Prayer 

Book of Edward VI. 
(3) Indiscriminate plimder of church property. 

c. The plot to divert the crown to Lady Jane Grey. 

3. Temporary letuin to Catholicism under Queen Mary. 
A. Causes of tlie reaction. 

— 12 — 



B. Policies of Queen Mary- 

a. The Spanish marriage and the alliance with Spain. 

b. Repeal of anti-papal legislation. 

c. Persecution of Protestants. Why "Bloody Mary" rather 
than "Bloody Henry VIII?" 

References: — Cheyney, Sho>'i Hisfori/. 810-328; Cross, Shorter History, 
230-242. 
4. The Elizabethan religious settlement. 

A. Religious views of the English people. Spread of Calvinism. 

B. The queen's decision. 

a. Her motives and principles. Why she favored episco- 
pacy rather than Presbyterianism or Congregationalism. 

b. Legislation carrying out the settlement.. 

(1) Act of Supremacy. 

(2) Act of Uniformity. 

(3) Act of the Thirty-nine Articles (1571). 

C. Queen Elizabeth's policy toward Roman Catholics. 

a. General policy as shown in the Act of 1562. 

b. Later statutes against Roman Catholics. Causes and 
pi'ovisions. 

D. The queen's policy toward Protestant sectaries. 

a. Causes of the Puritan movement. Aims of the Puritans. 

b. Elizabeth's attitude. 

c. Results of the persecution of the Puritans. Could an 
amicable settlement have been reached? 

E. Ultimate success of Queen Elizabeth's plan to establish a 
great National Church of England. Reasons. 

References : — Cheyney, Short History, 330-335, 347-352 ; Cross, Shorter 
History, 241-257. 

Additional References: — Beesly, Queen Elizabeth; Innes, England 
under the Tudors. 

XL ELIZABETHAN ENGLAND. 

1. Foreign policy of England under Queen Elizabeth. 

A. The dangers which beset England at the accession of Eliza- 
beth. Why peace was possible, yet difficult to maintain. 

B. Queen Elizabeth's diplomacy. Her methods and policies 
toward Spain, France and the Netherlands. 

C. The career of Mary Stuai't and its influence on Elizabeth's 
policies. 

a. Character and early career of Mary Stuart. 

b. The reformation in Scotland. Causes. Progress. 

c. Queen Mary Stuart vs. the Protestant lords and Queen 
Elizabeth. 

(1) Objects of Mary and the attitude of the Scotch lords 
and people. 

(2) Elizabeth's policy toward them. 

(3) Events of Mary's reign— causes of her downfall. 

d. Effects of Mary Stuart's flight to England. 

— 13 — 



e. Execution of the Queen. 
D. The Spanish attack on Enj^laud — the Great Armada. 

a. Causes and events leading to the attack. 

(1) English attacks on Spanish colonies. 

(2) Influence of Counter-Reformation ideals. 

(3) Revolt of the Netherlands. 

(4) The changed balance of the powers of Europe which 
led up ttt the Spanish attack. 

b. Why Philip II waited so long lief ore attacking. 

c. The attack of the Armada. Reasons for its failure, 
d. Effects on England and the Netherlands. 

2. Government of England by Elizabeth. 

A. Administration, especially local government. Importance of 
Elizabethan local government as a basis of American. 

B. Relations to Parliament. 

8. Economic and social problems of the reign. 

A. Causes of difficulty. 

B. Remedies applied. 

C. Social life luider Elizal eth. 

4. Elizabethan literature. 

A. How different from the preceding period? Why? 

B. The great writers and their works. 

5. Irish policy of Queen Elizabeth and its results. 
References: — Cheyney. Sliort Hislorji. .340-882; Cross. Shorter History, 

243-284. 
Additional References: — Reesley, Queen EJizahetJi : Innes, England 
under the Tudors; Kingsley. Charles. Westirard Ho.': J. A. 
Froude. Spanish Story of the Armada; Froude, Elizabethan Sea- 
men in the Sixteenth Centiiri/; Tickner. Social and Industrial 
History of England. 268-318 ; Hubert Hall. Society in the 
Elizabethan Age; Stephenson. The Elizabethan People. 

XII. THE EARLY STI'ARTS AND THE PURITAN REVOLUTION. 

1. Character and finidamental defects of King James I. 

2. Fatal consequences of James I's first acts. 

A. Treatment of the Millenary Petition. 

a. Objects of the Puritans. Were they unreasonable? 

b. The Hampton Court Conference. James's decision. Why 
so made? James's ecclesiastical views. 

c. Results. Why James's policy was a serious blunder. 

B. Treatment of the English Roman Catholics. 

a. Character and numbers. 

b. Administration of the penal laws against them. 

c. The Gun-powder Plot ; its causes and influence. 

3. Conflicts between Parliament and the early Stuart kings to 1629, 
A. Parliament in 1603. 

a. Constitution of parliament. Classes represented there. 
Character of the members. 

b. AYhy Englishmen tolerated the comparitively absolute 

— 14 — 



monarchy of the Tudors? Why not satisfied to continue- 
it? 

B. Causes of discord between James I and parliament. 

a. Divine riglit theories. 

b. Union with Scotland. 

c. Finance. The impositions. Bate's Case. 

d. Influence of Puritanism. 

e. James rules without parliament, 1611-1621. Methods 
of government. 

f. Stupid foreign policy. 

C. Further steps in the conflict between king and parliament. 

a. Parliament of 1621. The Commons attack the govern- 
ment. Objects and methods. Results. 

b. Royal policy toward Spain changes. Reasons. Effects. 

c. Character of Charles I and his influence on the conflict. 

d. Parliament of 162."),, refuses war supplies. Why? 

e. Parliament of 1626 tries to impeach Buckingham. . 

f. War against both France and Spain. Criticize. 

g. Charles I's third parliament, March. 1628-March, 1629. 

(1) Grievances against tlie King. The Five Knights 
Case. 

(2) The Petition of Right. (June 7, 1628). 

(3) The Three Resolutions of March 2, 1629. 

D. Summary of the issues at stake between Crown and Parlia- 
ment. Control of taxation, administration, foreign policy,, 
and the Church. 
4. The personal government of Charles I. 1629-1640. 

A. General policy of the" king and his ministers. 

a. Toward parliament. How the king made laws. 

b. Financial policies. How Charles got money. 

c. Foreign policies. 

d. Church policies of Archbishop Laud. 

(1) Objects and methods. Criticize. 

(2) Effects on influential Englishmen. 

e. Resulting emigration to America. 

B. Lord Strafford's plans for permanent despotism. 

C. Causes that forced King Charles to summon parliament. 

a. Popular discontent grows. Pimishment of libellers. 

b. Laud's attempt to change the Scottish church. 

c. The Bishops' Wars and their results. 

Refeeences : — Cheyney, Short History, 383-434 ; Cross, Shorter History^ 

285-317. 
Additional References : — 

(1) Trevelyan, England under the Stuarts, 72-194. 

(2) Gardiner, The First Tiro Stuarts and the Puritan Revolu- 
. tion. 1-115. 

5. The Long Parliament and the Civil Wars. 

A. How this parliament differed from previous parliaments, 
a. Composition. Aims of the members. 

— 15 — 



b. Its power over the king. Why? 
B. Work carried out with practical unanimity. 

a. Proceedings against Strafford. Justifiable? Legal? 

b. Measures to secure the maintenance of the fundamental 
principles of the constitution. 

C The religious question breaks the unity of parliament, 
a. Origin of the break, b. Aims of the parties. 

D. Progress of the division of parties and the causes leading 
to the Civil War. 

a. The problem of the Irish rebellion. 

b. Charles I's trip to Scotland. 

c. The Grand Remonstrance. 

d. The attempt against the five members. 

e. Immediate cause of the outbreak of war. 

E. The First Civil War. 

a. The real issue. Significance in English History. 

b. Attitude of various sections and classes of the English 
people. Who was likely to win? Why? 

c. The main events. The main principles of strategy. 
Military equipment of the time. 

d. Reasons for victory of the parliamentary forces. 

F. The Second Civil War (May — August, 1648) and its results. 

a. Changes in parliament. 

b. Trial and execution of King Charles I. 

c. Establishment of the Commonwealth. 

C. The British Isles imder the rule of Oliver Cromwell. 

A. The wars of the Commonwealth. 

B. Machinery of government! Methods of Cromwell. Written 
constitutions of the time. 

C. Religious policies. 

D. Foreign policies. 

E. Reasons for the fall of the Protectorate. Why it could not 
be a permanent system of government in England. 

References : — Cheyney, Short History, 434-464 ; Cross, Shorter History, 

319-357. 
Additional References : — 

Trevelyan, England under the Stuarts, 195-330; Gardiner, The 

First Two Stuarts and the Puritan Revolution, 115-198 ; John 

Morley. Oliver Cromxrell. 

XIII. THE LATER STUARTS AND THE REVOLUTION OF 1688. 
1. Significance of the Restoration. Enduring results of the Puri- 
tan Revolution. 

A. Guarantees against the recurrence of absolutism. 

B. The reaction against Puritanism in religion. 

a. Supremacy of the Anglican Church in parliament. The 
causes of the Clarendon Code. 

b. The Clarendon Code. How enforced? Contrast with 
enforcement of anti-Catholic laws under James I. 

— 16 — 



c. Religious and social effects. Danger to English intellec- 
tual development. 

C. The reaction against Puritan ideals in social life. 

D. Results of the restoration in Scotland and Ireland. 
Charles II's domestic and foreign policies and their execution 
to 1678. 

A. The fall of Clarendon. 

B. His great aim and the methods by which he proposed to 
secure it. Attitude of the English Catholics and of the 
English people. Why? 

C. Objects of Louis XIVs foreign policy. How the Triple 
Alliance (1668) affected his plans. 

D. The Secret Treaty of Dover. 1670. 

E. The Test Act. 1673. and its effects. 

F. The policies of Danby, chief minister, 1673-1678. 
Origin and growth of the two great political parties to 1685. 

A. Causes of the rise of the Whig Party. 

a. Leaders and their objects. 

b. Conditions which had prepared the way for the new 
party, especially the Popish Plot, the chief cause. 

(1) Origin and basis of the plot. Was English Pro- 

testantism really in danger. Why believed? 

(2) Effects of the plot. 

B. The Whig party platform and the attempt to carry it out. 

a. Its principles and supporters in parliament and the 
country. Methods of organization and agitation. 

b. How the fall of Danby and the dissolution of the Cava- 
lier Parliament were brought about. (December, 
1678. ) 

c. The three Whig parliaments and their work. 1679-1681. 

(1) Why the Whigs won the elections. 

(2) The Whig program. Why they did not use their 
victory fully. 

(3) Criticize the policy of the Whig leaders. 

(4) Lasting work of the three parliaments. 

d. How the Whig supremacy was broken. 

C. Origin and growth of the Tory Party. 

a. Its leaders and principles. 

b. The royalist victory of 1681 and its results. How this 
endangered popular liberty in England and America. 
Compare with the early history of party government in 
other countries. 

James II and the Revolution of 1688. 

A. Position of James II at the beginning of his reign. 

a. Extent of his power and its bases. 

b. Suppression of revolts against him. 

B. How James II lost these advantages. The causes of the 
Revolution of 1688. 

C. Importance of the struggle for the English throne in inter- 

— 17 — 



national politics. Combination of events which enabled 
William of Orange to come to England. 
D. The Revolution of 1688. 

a. Events of the revolution. 

b. Constitutional results. Guarantees of its permanence. 
(1) Bill of Rights. (2) Mutiny Act. (3) Parliament- 
ary control of the revenue. 

c. Religious results. 

(1) Toleration Act. (2) Attitude of the High Church 
Party. Triumph of the Low Churchmen. 

d. Effects of the revolution on political parties. 
6. Puritan and Cavalier England, 1G03-1688. 

A. Economic and social conditions. 

a. The industrial situation. Manufacturing. 

b. Foreign trade. Colonial expansion. 

c. Agricultural changes. 

d. Roads, travel, and facilities for travellers. 

e. Social classes. 

f. The towns and the life of the townspeople. 

B. Intellectual progress. 

a. Theology. Anglicans, Puritans, and Latitudinarians. 

b. Philosophy. 

c. Economic theory. 

d. Scientific progress. 

e. Great works of literature. 

C. Influence of tlie Puritans on English life, and on English 
and American ideals. 

a. Need for Puritan propaganda — the work of religious 
education. 

b. Puritan censorship of morals. 

c. Deveh^pment of habits of self-examination and discipline. 

d. Attack on the national vices of drunkenness and pro- 
fanity. 

e. Discouragement of the old forms of amusement. 

f. Insistence on observance of the Sabbath. 
Heferknces : — 

(1) Cheyney. Fihort Hi fit on/. 4fif)-.514 and Cross. Hhtory. 588-61.3. 

(2) Cross, i^horter Histnrp. 3.')0-422. 

Additional References : — Trevelyan. England under the Stuarts, 331- 
4r)2, 1-72 : Hale. The Fall of the Stuarts, 1-157 : Macaulay, His- 
tory of Enoland. vol. II. chapters 6-10; Pepys. Diary ; W. E. Sid- 
ney. Social Life in England. 1660-16G9. 

XIV. THE BI'ILDING OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE, 1689-1763. 
1. The British Isles under ^yilliam and Mary. 

A. The revolution effected in Ireland and Scotland. 

a. War in Ireland and its results. The later laws against 
Ireland. 

b. The revolution in Scotland. 

B.. The War of the League of Augsburg. 

— 18 — 



a. Causes. Why England took part. 

b. Attitude of the political parties toward the war. Why ? 

c. Economic plans and innovations of the Whigs. Influence 
of these on the outcome of the war. 

d. Events of the war and its outcome. 

C. The Act of Settlement. 1701. Constitutional provisions, 
especially jvidicial appointments. 

D. Evidences of the development of the cabinet system of 
government up to 1701. When did the English king lose 
control over the executive department of government? The 
legislative department? The judicial department? 

2. Queen Anne and the War of the Spanish Succession, 1701-1713. 

A. General causes. Blunders of Louis which enabled Wiliam 
to build up the Grand Alliq,nce against France. 

B. Events of the war. 

a. Advantages of Louis at the start. 

b. Main events. Marlborough's strategy and the battle of 
Blenheim. Why the turning point of the war. 

C. Party strife in England during the war. 

a. The composition and aims of the two great political 
parties in Queen Anne's reign. Her character. 

e. How the Whigs returned to power. Their policies, their 
blunders, and the causes that led to their fall. 

d. The Tory ministry. 1710-171.3. and the Treaty of Utrecht. 

(1) Leaders of the Tories and their policies. The Occa- 
sional Conformity Act and the Schism Act. 

(2) The Treaty of I'trecht and the results of the war. 
Could England have done better? 

e. The succession question saves the Whigs. Other reasons 
for their victory (1714). 

D. The parliamentary union of England and Scotland, 1707. 

a. Causes. The Act of Security. 

b. Negotiations for the union. 

c. Terms of the union. Why so favorable to Scotland? 

3. The Walpole regime. 1721-1742. 

A. Causes which made Sir Robert Walpole Prime Minister. 

a. Dominant position of the Whigs. 

b. The Whig Schism of 1717. 

c. The South Sea Bubble. 

B. Policies of Sir Robert Walpole. 

a. Methods of government. 

b. Treatment of domestic problems. 

c. Foreign policies. 

d. Estimate of Walpole's work. Why .so long successful? 

e. Reasons for his fall. 

4. The War of the Austrian Succession. 

A. Causes from the European and English points of view. 

B. England's share in Europe, in the colonies, and on the seas. 

C. The .Tacobite Revolts of 171.5 and 174.5. 

— 19 — 



D. Results of the war. 
5. The Pitt-Newcastle ministry and the Seven Years' War. 

A. William Pitt, the greatest statesman of eighteenth century 
England. Character. How he was able to become real 
ruler of England. 

B. Causes of the Seven Years' War from the European and 
British points of view. 

C. The strategy of the war. 

a. The three theatres of war and the aims of Britain. 

b. Failure of the British in the early years of the war. 

c. The great victories won imder Pitt's leadership and 
the reasons for them. 

D. The terms of peace. The treaty of Paris. 1763. 

a. How and why dPitt was driven from office before the 
war was over. 

b. The terms of the final treaty. 

c. Could Elngland have gained more? Why? 

E. Results of the war. 

Refekences: — Cheyney, Short Hist on/. r)l('.-.^)7r» ; Cross, Shorter History, 

423-510. 543-548. 
Additional References : — Trevelyan, England under the Stuarts. 446- 

517 ; Lecky, England in the Eighteenth Century, vol. I, chapter 

3 ; Robertson, England under the Hanoverians. 1-216 ; Frederick 

Harrison, William Pitt. Earl of Chatham. 

XV. THE REVOLT OF THE AMERICAN COLONISTS. 

A. General causes. 

a. Institutional divergence between the colonies and 
Britain. 

b. The British commercial system. 

c. The influence of the Seven Years' War. 

d. The question of parliamentary supremacy. 

B. Legislation and policies that led to the outbreak of revolt 
in America. 1764-1775. 

C. Events of the war. Difficulties of the British government, 
a. The war becomes an international conflict. , 

( 1 ) Reasons for this and its importance on the outcome 
of the war from the American point of view. 

(2) The various theatres of war. 

b. Strength of the Whig opposition to George Ill's policies. 
Attitude of Chatham. 

c. Disorders — the Gordon Riots. 

d. The revolt of Ireland. 

D. The Treaty of Versailles. 1783, and the results of war. 
References :— Cheyney, Short History, 570-594; Cross, Shorter History^ 

506-542. 

2. The ministry of William Pitt (the Younger), 17S3-1801, and 
the Wars of the French Revolution. 
A. Conditions which enabled Pitt to become prime minister, 

— 20 — 



Constitutional significance of his appointment and contin- 
uance in office. 

B. Character and policies of the Younger Pitt. 

C. The Wars of the French Revolution. 

a. Events of the opening years of the Revolution. 

b. English opinion of the Revolution. How and why it 
changed with the progress of the movement. 

c. The part played by England in the wars against the 
revolutionary governments of France. 

d. The Treaty of Amiens, 1802. 

D. The Union of Great Britain and Ireland. 

a. Causes. 

b. Provisions of the Act of Union. How it was carried 
through. 

c. Effects of the T'nion. Would they have been the same 
had Pitt's plans been carried out? 

3. Great Britain and the Napoleonic Wars. 1803-1815. 

A. Why the struggle between Great Britain and Napoleon was 
inevitable and permanent. 

B. The methods of warfare. 

a. Napoleon's plans against England. 

(1) His first plan — why impossible to execute. 

(2) The Continental Blockade. Objects, methods, and 
effects. 

b. British methods. To what extent effective. 

c. Compai-e and contrast the strategy and methods of war- 
fare employed in the Napoleonic Wars with those of the 
World War (1914-1918). 

C. Great Britain's part in the fall of Napoleon (1814 and 1815). 
a. The campaigns in Spain, b. The Battle of Waterloo. 

D. Results of the Napoleonic Wars to Great Britain. 
Re^-erences :— Cheyney, Slwrt History, 595-615; Cross, Shorter History, 

570-613. 
Additional Reference: — Robertson, England under the Hanoverians, 
306-488. 

XVI. EIGHTEENTH CENTT^RY ENGLAND. ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, 
AND RELIGIOUS CHANGES. 

1. The Agricultural Revolution. 

A. Survivals of the manorial system. 

B. Pioneers of the new agriculture. How methods of farming 
changed. 

C. Effects. Connection with the Industrial Revolution. 

2. The Industrial Revolution. 

A. Importance. How different from such a political and econ- 
omic revolution as the French Revolution. 

B. Conditions in agriculture and industry that preceeded it. 
Why the Revolution came first in England. 

C. The great inventions that changed industry. 
'■ a. New textile machinery. 

— 21 — 



b. New motive power. The steam engine. 

c. Changes in the iron industry. 

d. Ijjiprovements in transportation. Canals, railroads, and 
steamships. 

e. Continuation of such changes up to now. 
D. Effects of the Industrial Revolution. 

a. Economic effects. 

(1) Expansion of industry and commerce. 

(2) Growth of the world's population and of the cities. 

(3) Enormous increase of wealth. 

b. Rise of Capitalism and the Factory System. 

c. Degradation and oppression of the laborers. Evils of 
child labor. 

d. The beginnings of socialism as opposed to excessive 
economic individualism. 

e. Political effects. 

3. Great religious movements. 

a. The rise of Methodism. 

(1) Causes. Pei'sonality and career of Wesley. 

(2) How the pi'eaching and teaching of Wesley and 
Whitetield differed from others. 

(3) Why the Methodists separated from the National 
Church. 

(4) Results of the movement. 

b. The Evangelical movement. 

4. Character of social life. The growth of humanitarianism and 
philanthropy. 

5. Developments in art and literature. 

References: — Cheyney. Short Hist on/, r>78-583. .^51-.555 and Cross, 
History. 782-806; Cross. Shorter History, 548-568. 

Additional References : — Ogg, Economic Development of Modern Eu- 
rope, 117-155 ; Cambridge Modern History. X, chapter 23 ; Hayes, 
Political and Social History of Modern Europe, II, 67-97 
Schapiro, Modern and Contemporary European History, 28-44 
Cheyney. Industrial and Social History of England, chapter 8 
Tickner, Social and Industrial History of England, 466-548. 

XVII. THE BEGINNINGS OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL REFORM 
IN GREAT BRITAIN. 1815-1866. 
1. Britain under the rule of the old aristocracy, 1815-1822. 

A. Apparent prosperity of England in 1815. Reasons, 
a. The effects of the industrial revolution. 

1). Advantages derived from the Revolutionary and Na- 
poleonic Wars. 

c. Renown of Parliament. 

B. The real situation — England still a land of the "Old 
Regime". Genuine grievairces of the gommon people. 

a. Political grievances. 

(1) I*ower and influence of the nobility. 

(2) Inadetjuac.v of the representative system. 



b. Religious grievances. 

( 1 ) Lack of religious equality. 

(2) Worldliness of the National Church. 

(3) Ecclesiastical neglect of the people's welfare. 

c. Economic and social grievances. 

(1) Misery due to the industrial revolution. 

(2) The Corn Laws. 

(3) Little education for the common people. 

(4) Legal obstacles to progress. 

(5) Special causes of discontent, 1815-1830. 

d. Efforts to reform these conditions before 1815. Lead- 
ers of the movement. Why ineffectual? 

C. Popular disturbances resulting from the extraordinary po- 
pular misery of the years 1815-1820. The policy of th« 
aristocratic government in dealing with them. How have 
like problems been dealt with at the close of the World War? 
3. The beginnings of refoi-m made by the new Tories, Canning, 
Peel, and Huskisson. 

A. Canning's new foreign policy. Importance of this in con- 
nection with the "Monroe Doctrine". 

B. Economic and social reforms. 

a. Reform of the penal code. 

b. Repeal of the laws against labor unions. 

c. Reduction of import duties. 

C. Abolition of religious disabilities against Dissenters and 
Catholics. 

D. Refusal of the Tories to take up the question of parlia- 
mentary reform. 

E. England on the eve of the Great Reform Bill. 

a. Economic prosperity. 

b. Scientific progress of the age. 

c. Philosophical and economic thinkers. 

d. Literature and art. 

(1) The Romantic Movement. 

(2) Novelists and essayists. 

(3) Beginnings of periodical literature. 

e. Growth of humanitarianism. 

References : — Cross. Shorter History, 615-643; Cross, History, 867- 
904; Hazen. Europe since 1815. 400-429. 
3. Reform work of the Whig ministries, 1830-1841. 

A. The great Parliamentary Reform Act of 1832. 

a. The struggle for its passage. 

b. Its substance and its effects. 

B. Other reform legislation. Its necessity and significance. 

a. Abolition of slavery. 1833. 

b. The Factory Act of 1833. 

c. The Poor Law of 1834. 

d. The Municipal Corporations Act, 1835. 

e. Postal reforms. 

— 23 — 



4. Reform movements of the next decades. 

A. The repeal of the Corn Laws and the establishment of free 
trade. 

a. Why it was demanded. 

b. Immediate causes and events. 

c. Removal of the remaining protective duties, 1849-1867, 

d. Effects. 

B. The Chartist Movement. 

a. Aims. 

b. Extent of success. 

c. Its meaning and importance. 

C. Other reform legislation of the period. 

a. Factory Acts of 1842, 1844, 1847, and 1850. 

b. Admission of Jews to the House of Commons, 1858. 

c. Postal Savings Banks established, 1861. 

d. Post Office insiu-ance policies issued, 1864. 

5. Industrial progress of the period. Reasons. Effects. 

6. Religious movements of the time. 

A. The Oxford Movement. 

B. The Christian Socialists. 

7. Romantic and Early Victorian Literature. 

A. Characteristics of English Romanticism. 

B. Great writers of the Romantic Period. 

C. Characteristics of the Victorian Age. 

D. Leading writers of the time. 

8. British foreign policies, especially in Palmerston's time. 
References: — Cross, SJiortcr History, 645-G95 ; 727-734; Ci'oss, History, 

905-982, 1039-1047; Schapiro, Modern and Contemporary Eu- 
ropean History, 50-88 ; Hazen, Europe since 1815, 428-461. 
Additional Refp:rences : — Spencer Walpole, History of England 1815- 
1856; Marriott, England Since Waterloo; Cambridge Modern 
History, vols. X and XI ; Justin McCarthy, History of Our Own 
Times; Thursfield, Peel. 

XVIII. GROWTH OF DEMOCRACY IN GREAT BRITAIN, 1866-1914. 
1. The period of rivalry between Gladstone and Disraeli. 

A. The Parliamentary Reform Act of 1867. 

a. Causes. Why Disraeli's followers were willing to pass 
a reform bill. 

b. Its provisions and effects. 

B. The work of Gladstone's first ministry, 1868-1874. 

a. Career of (Jladstone to 1868. Character and ideals. 

b. Grievances of Ireland and their history. 

c. The Irish Church Act of 1869 and its effects. 

d. The first Irish Land Act, 1870. 

(1) Need for reform. 

(2) Provisions. Arguments against it. 

(3) Elffects. Why disappointing*.'' 

e. The Elementary Education Act. 1S70. 
(1) The need of it. 

— 24 — 



(2) Provisions of the bill. Settlement of the problem 
of religious instruction. Criticisms of the act. 

f. Oxford and Cambridge opened to Catholics and Dis- 
senters. 1871. 

g. Army reforms and civil service reform, 
h. The Ballot Act of 1872. 

i. The Judicature Act, 1873. 
j. Foreign policies. 
' (1) The Franco-German "War. 

(2) The Alabama Chains, 
k. Causes leading to the defeat of Gladstone and his re- 
signation. 

C. Disraeli's ministry, 1874-1880. 

a. His character and ideals. 

b. The work of the ministry. Causes of its fall. 

D. Gladstone's second ministry, 1880-1885. 

a. The Irish Land Act of 1881. 

(1) Why needed. (2) Provisions and effects. 

b. Parliamentary Reform Act of 1884-1885. 

(1) Changes in the suffrage qualifications. Effects. 

(2) Redistribution of seats. 

c. Foreign complications leading to resignation (1885). 
B. Gladstone's Home Rule ministry, 1886. 

a. Origin and growth of the Home Rule movement. 

b. Why Gladstone adopted the Home Rule policy. 

c. The Home Rule P>ill and the Land Purchase Bills. Pro- 
visions, and probable effects. 

d. The main arguments for and against the bills. 

e. Defeat of the bills. Breakup of the Liberal Party. 

2. Imperialism and social reforms at home under conservative 
ministers, 1880-1905, (excepting only the Gladstone and Rose- 
bery ministry, 1892-1895). 

A. The Salisbury ministry's Irish policy. 

a. Coercion, b. Land Purchase Act, 1891. 

B. County Councils Act of 1888. 

C. Foreign policy of Lord Salisbury. 

a. Increase of the navy. b. The partition of Africa. 

D. Gladstone's Second Home Rule ministry, 1892-1894. 

a. The Second Home Rule Bill. 

(1) Provisions. Criticisms. (2) Fate of the bill. 

b. The Parish Councils Act, 1894. 

E. Reform legislation of the conservatives, 1895-1905. 

a. The Irish I^ocal Government Act, 1898, and Irish Land 
Purchase Act, 1903. 

b. Education Bill of 1902. Its effects. 

F. Salisbury's foreign policy. 

a. The Eastern Question and Egypt. 

b. Increase of the navy. 

c. The South African War. 



G. Causes of the fall of the Balfour Cabiuet and the decisive 
defeat of the Conservative Party at the election of 1906. 
8. The social and political reforms carried through by the Liberal 
ministers since 1905. 

A. Workmen's Compensation Act, 19(16. 

B. Trade Disputes Act, 1906. 

C. The Small Holdings Act, 1907. 

D. Old Age Pensions Act, 1908. 

E. Labor Exchanges Act, and the Trade Boards Act, 1909. 

F. The Lloyd-George Budget,— the Finance Act, 1909-1910, 

a. Main provisions of Lloyd-George's plan. 

b. Reasons for making these changes. 

e. Arguments against it. Its rejection by the Lords. 
.' d. How the Budget was carried through parliament. 

G. The Parliament Act, 1911. 

a. Why the Liberals insisted on it. 

b. Provisions of the bill. Arguments for and against it. 
e. How it was forced through the House of Lords. 

d. Effects. 
H. The National Insurance Act, 1911. Provisions and effects. 
I. The minimum wage for miners, 1912. 
J. Home Rule for Ireland. 

a. Why forced on the Liberal Cabinet in 1912? 

b. Conditions in Ireland. Was the need for Home Rule 
as great in 1912 as in 1880? Evidences of progress since 
1886. 

c. Main provisions of the Home Rule Bill of 1912. 

d. Attitude of the Lister Unionists. How this affected 
the international situation in 1914. 

e. Final passage of the bill in 1914. Postponement of the 
date of coming into effect. 

K. Disestablishment of the Church in Wales. 1912-1914. 
4. Economic and social conditions in modern Britain. 

A. Population, and the means of feeding it. 

B. Industry and commerce. 

a. Early supremacy of British manufacturers. Reasons. 
Effects. 

b. British industries since 1870. Growth of German com- 
petition. Why British exports did not grow as fast as 
those of Germany. 

c. The tariff reform movement and its prospects. 

d. Recovery of British industry and export trade during 
years just preceding the outbreak of the war. (See 
B. E. Schmitt, England and Germany, 96-115). 

C. National wealth. Foreign investments and their influence 

D. Condition of the common people. 

a. Why so bad? 

b. Growth of socialism and syndicalism among them. The 
great strikes of 1911-1912. 

— 26 — 



c. Effects of the war on the life of the laborers. 
E. Land problems of modern England. 

a. The English land system, its origin and history. 

b. Decline of agriculture and its effects. 

c. The demands for reform. What has been done. 
n. Intellectual progress in modern Britain. 

A. Literature. 

B. History and philosophy. 

C. Scientific progress. 

References : — Cheyney. Short History, G4G-r>!;(). (iSO-711 ; Cross, Shorter 
History, 697-760 ; Cross, History, 983-1089. 

Additional References : — Schapiro, Modern and Contemporary European 
History, 324-398 ; Hazen. Europe since 1815, 460-517 ; or Hayes, 
Political and Social History of Modern Europe, IL 277-326; and 
the following biographies and special topics : — 
Biographies: Bryce, Studies in Contemporary Biography (Gladstone, 
Disraeli ) ; Morley, Gladstone; Monypenny and Buckle, Benjamin 
Disraeli; Lee. Queen Victoria: Lee, King Edirard VII; Trevel- 
yan, John Bright; Parnell. Charles Stuart Parnell. 

Special Topics : — 
Economic Conditions. 

Schmitt, England and Germany. 96-115; Whelpley, The Trade of 

the World, 38-63; Collier, England and the English, chapter 3; 

Crammond, Imperial Defence and Finance, in Nineteenth 

Century, vol. 72 (August 1912). 221-247; and vol. 74. 924-943. 

The Tariff Reform Movement. 

Ogg, Economic Development of Modern Europe. 267-279 ; Barker, 
Great Britain's Poverty and its Causes, in Fortnightly, August 
1913; Chiozza Money, Tariff Reform, in Contemporary, March 
1913; Brooks, The Anti-imperialism of the Imperialists, in Fort- 
nightly, February, 1913. 
Labor Unrest. 

Marriott. Syndicalism and Socialism., in Nineteenth Century. Nov. 
1912 ; Orth. Socialism and Democracy in Europe. 207-231 ; Ogg, 
Economic Development of Modern Europe. AVl-^Al (Labor 
party). 
The Land Question. 

Ogg, Economic Development of Modern Europe. 158-184; Marriott, 
Evolution of the English Land System, in Fortnightly, (Sept., 
Oct., Dec. 1913) ; Roxby, Rural Depopulation in England, in 
Nineteenth Century, (Jan. 1912) ; The Two Land Campaigns, in 
Quarterly Review, Oct. 1913 ; Position and Prospects of English, 
Agriculture, in Edinburgh Review. April 1914. 
British Land Laws in Ireland Since 1870. 

Smith-Cordon and Staples. Rural Reconstruction in Ireland (Yale 
Univ. Press, 1919), pp. 15-49. 
Improved Conditions in Ireland in Recent Years. 

Smith-Gordon and Staples. Rural Reeonst ruction in Ireland, 50-290, 
especially 243-290 (on the co-operative movement) ; Dubois, 



Contemporary Ireland, 151-217 ; E. Barker, Ireland in the Last 
Fifty Years, 41-81 ; H. Plunkett, Ireland in the New Century, 
pp. 175-210, 257-292; Sidney Brooks, in Fortnightly, vol. 90, 
82G-840; Brooks, Sir Horace Plunkett and His Work, in Fort- 
nightly, vol. 01. 1011-1021; Crammond, Ireland's Economic De- 
velopment, in Nineteenth Century, vol. 71, 849-852. 
Home Rule for Ireland. The Bill of 1012. 

The Britannica Year Book, 1013. pp. 505-520; The International 
Year Books for 101.3-1015 ; Laprade, Present Status of the Home 
Rule Question, in Amer. Pol. Sci. Rev., vol. G, 524-.54.5. 

XIX. THE BRITISH EMPIRE. 
1. Self-governing Colonies. 

A. Canada. 

a. Government, 1774-1837. 

I). Lord Durham's Report, 1830, and its results, 
e. Establishment of the Dominion of Canada. 1867. Its 
westward and northward expansion. Its government. 

B. Australia. 

a. Settlement. 

h. Australian Commonwealth. System of government. 

e. Special problems. Social legislation. 

C. The Dominion of New Zealand. 

a. Problem of the natives, b. Advanced social legislation 

D. South Africa. 

a. How Africa was opened up. The work of Cecil Rhodes. 

b. Causes of rivalry and hatred between the British and 
the Boers. 

c. The South African War, 1899-1902. 

d. The treaty of peace. The South African Federation. 
Results. 

E. The movement for imperial federation. 

a. The problem of government. 

b. The plans for an economic union. 
V. Plans for imperial defence. 

d. Colonial conferences. 

2. The Crown Colonies. 

A. Differences between the crown (polonies and the self-govern- 
ing ones. Various kinds of government. 

B. The African Colonies. 

C. Ceylon and the East Indian Colonies. 

D. West India Islands and Guiana. 

E. Polynesian possessions. 

F. Territories formerly belonging to China. 

G. The British sphere of influence in Persia. 

3. The Indian Empire. 

A. Geographical divisions. Size. Population. 

B. How the empire was won by the British. 

C. Its government. 

a. Government by the Company up to 1858. 

— 28 — 



b. The Groat Mutiny. 1857, and its effects. 

c. The system of government since 1858. The India Coun- 
cils Act of 1909. 

D. Advantages of India to Great Britain and of British rule 
.to the people of India. 
4. Advantages and disadvantages of the British Empire as a whole 
to the mass of the British people. Does it pay? Compare the 
way in which Britain has become a great colonial power with 
the way in which (Germany hoped to get a great empire. If 
Britain has acquired her empire legitimately and rules it justly, 
may she not rightly hold it? Give evidence. 
References : — Cross. Shorter History, 7G1-797 ; Schapiro, Modern and 
Contemponiri/ European History, 899-423; Hazen, Europe since 
1815, 518-549; Hayes. Political and Social History of Modern 
Europe, II, 640-678. 

XX. FOREIGN POLICIES OF GREAT BRITAIN SINCE 1870. 
CAUSES OF THE WORLD WAR. 

1. British policies in regard to the Near East. 

A. Tlie Crimean War. 1854-18.56. 

B. The Russo-Turkish War. 1877-187S. and the Congress of 
Berlin. 1878. Criticisms of British policies of that time. 

2. Relatit>ns to Continental European states during the later de- 
cades of the nineteenth centiu-y. 

A. British policy <»f "splendid isolation". The Continental 
alliances into which Europe was divided. 

B. Why this poli-cy of isolation" was dropped. 

C. Formati<in of the Ententes. 

a. The Anglo-Japane.^e Alliance. 1902. 

b. The Franco-British Entente Cordiale. 1904. 

c. The Russo-British Entente. Effects of this Triple En- 
tente. 

d. Participation of Italy and Spain in the Ententes. 

e. The Russo-Japanese Treaty of 1910. 

f. Results of these Ententes. Attitute of the United States, 
Why Germany was not taken into this combination. 
Importance of this decision. 

3. Efforts of Germany to break this combination and strengthen 
her position, and the resulting international crisis. 

A. The crisis concerning Morocco. 

a. First crisis. 1905-1906. The Algeciras Congress. 

b. The Morocco crisis of 1911. 

(1) Causes. Objects of (icrmany. 

(2) Attitude of Great Bi-itain and its effects on the 
financial situation in Germany. 

(?>) The Franco-German Convention of 1911 
!i. Crises concerning the Near East. 
— 29 — 



a. Austrian annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1908. 

(1) Effects on Serbia. 

(2) The forced submission of Russia and Serbia. 

(3) Attitude of France and Great Britain. 
(4) Effects on German plans for tlie future. 

b. Second Near Eastern Crisis : — Tlie Italian War for 
Tripoli disturbs the international situation. 

c. The Balkan Wars of 1912-1013 and their results. De- 
termination of Austria-Hungary to humble Serbia at 
the first opportunity. Evidence. 

C. Effects of these frequent recurring crises. How they pre- 
pared for the Great War. 

Immediate causes of the outbreak of the Great War. 

A. Assassination of the Archduke Francis Ferdinand, June 28, 
1914. Responsibility? Why it aroused such exceptional 
indignation in Austria and Germany. 

JB. Peremptory Austrian ultimatum to Serbia, July 23, 1914. 

a. Its demands. Why this was likely to bring on war. 

b. The Serbian reply. Was it adequate? 

c. What the various diplomats did to prevent war. 

d. The German attitude. Why adopted? 

C. Austria declares war on Serbia, July 28. 1914. Results. 

D. Secret steps toward mobilization taken by the Russian 
army leaders without the Tsar's knowledge. 

E. Germany demands. August 1, 1914, a declaration of policy 
by France. France orders general mobilization, August 1, 
1914. 

F. Attitude adopted by Great Britain and Italy. Their reasons. 

G. Germany begins war by invading Luxemburg (August 2)» 
Belgium (August 3). and France (August 2. 1914). 

Great Britain enters the war. 

A. Reasons why Britain seemed likely to remain neutral. 

B. Refusal to take sides just before the war l)egan. Motives. 

C. Reasons which might lead Britain to enter the war. Ger- 
man proposals for British neutrality. The British answer. 

D. The question of the neutrality of Belgium. 

a. Treaties and agreements for the maintenance of Bel- 
gian neutrality in the past. 

b. Britain's reasons for insisting on Belgian neutrality. 

c. Bi'itain demands of France and Germany an under- 
taking not to violate Belgian neutrality in the war about 
to begin. The answer of those powers. 

d. (Germany demands a free passage tlm)ugh Belgium. 
Terms and reasons alleged. The real reasons? 

e. German invasum of Belgium leads Britain to declare 
war on (Jermany. August 4. 1914. 

Who was most responsible for the War? Serl>ia? Austria? 
Germany? Russia? France? Britain? Which powers were 
best prepared for war in August. 1914? Which powers were less 

— 30 — 



adequately prepared to fight at that time? Had the outbreak 
of war been avoided in August, 1914, is it at all probable that 
the underlying causes would have been eliminated within the 
next year or two? Which power made the greatest efforts to 
secure a peaceful settlement? Which power or powers impetu- 
ously brooked no delay? 
Refebenccs : — Cross, Shorter History. 799-830; Schapiro, Modern and 
Contemporary European History, 675-722; Bullard, The Diplc 
maey of the Great War, 1-160; Seymou^ Diplomatic Backgrouna 
of the War. 
Additional References : — 

German World Policy and Ambitions. 

Notestein and StoU. Conquest and Kultur. Aims of the Ger- 
mans in Their Oun Words. (Issued by the Committee on Pub- 
lic Information. Washington, D. C.) ; Dawson, What is Wrong 
With Germany, 131-191 ; Seymour, Diplom,atic Background of 
the Wa7', 61-88 ; Gibbons, Neio Map of Europe, 21-57 ; Fife ; The 
German Empire Betireen Tiro Wars, 72-97; Schmitt, Germany 
and England, 70-89. 96-115. 

Changed Spirit of Modern Germany. Tlie Philosophical Basis 
of Imperialism. 

Dawson. Evolution of Modern Germany, pp. 1-16 and chapters 
17-20; Seyhjour. Diplomatic Background of the War, 89-115; 
Dawson. What Is Wrong With Germany, 1-69; Von Bernhardi, 
Germany and the Ne.vt War, 1-166, 283-288; B. E. Schmitt, 
England and Germany, 70-95, 154-172. 

The German Bagdad Railway Plans. 

Schmitt. England and Germany, 253-279, 297-301; Gibbons, New 
Map of Europe, 58-70 ; ^l-Avviott. Factors in the Problem of the 
Xear East, in Fortnightly Review, vol. 99, 943-953. 

Reasons for the Cooling of Anglo-German Friendship. 

Bullard, The Diplomacy of the Great War, 54-68, 24-35; Gibbons, 
Ken- Map of Europe, 21-57 ; Brooks, England and Germany, in 
Atlantic Monthly, vol. 105, 616-627; Barker. Modern Germany, 
115-173. 241-269; Schmitt. England and Germany. 139-218; Fife, 
The German Empire Betireen Two Wars. 50-97; H. H. Johnston, 
Britain and Germany; German Views of an Anglo-German Un- 
derstanding, iu Xineteenth Century, vol. 68, 978-987. 

The Naval Rivalry between Germany and Great Britain. 

The German Point of View. 

Delbruck. Why Does Germany Build Warships? in Contemporary 
Review, vol. 96, 401-410 ; Roberts, Monarchial Socialism in Ger- 
many, 153-167. 

The British Imperialist Point of View. 

Colquhoun. The New Balance of Power in Europe, in North 
American Revieir, vol. 191, 18-28 ; Hurd & Castle, German Sea 
Power. 108-286; Hurd, The Dominions and the Command of the 
Sea, in Fortnightly, vol. 96. 242-254: Barker. Modern Germany, 
241-269. 324-344. 

— 31 — 



The Movement for More Friendly Relations between England 
and Germany. 

Schmitt, England and Germany, 343-357, 366-377; Stowell, The 
Diplomacy of the Ofcat War of 1914, 562-571 ; Brooks, England, 
Germany and Common Sense, in Fortnightly, vol. 91, 147-159. 

Immediate Causes of the Outbreak of War. 

The story of the diplomatic negotiations just preceding the 
outbreak of war was told in partisan fashion by the governments 
in their official documents. "Collected Diplomatic Documents 
Relative to the Outbreak of the European War," (published by 
Harrison and Sons. London) gives much of this material. Most 
of them were printed in New York Times Current History of 
the War. 

Bttview^s. summaries, and criticisms of this material may be 
found in C. Oman. The Onthreak of the War of 191.1^1^18, Lon- 
don, 1920; Wm. Archer, The Thirteen Days. July 23-August 4, 
1914; J. W. Headlam, History of Twelve Days, July 24 to 
August 4, 1914; and Chitwood. O. P.. The Tmmediate Causes of 
the Great War. 

Since the close of the w^ar much new evidence has been brought 
to light especially in Germany and Austria. The Russian revo- 
lutionists have made pulilic much correspondence of the old 
imperial government. German leaders fallen from power have 
begun to write their apologies and justifications in the form of 
memoirs. Good accounts of this material are to be found in 
Schmitt. TJie German War Lords on Their Defense, in Pol. Set. 
Quart., vol. 35. 440-456; Tramontana. S(rme Xeir Sources of 
European History, in Xcir Europe, vol. 13, 178-lSl. 210-212, 
338-341; Gordon. Hoir the Great War Broke Out. in Contem- 
porary, vol. lis. 522-530: Barthou. Evidence of Germany's 
Guilt, in Cur. Hi.'it.. vol. 11. 78-85; Official Minutes of the 
Aust)-o-Huiigarian Council that Decided to Force War on Serbia, 
in Cur. Hist., vol. 4.55-4(J0: The War Guilt of Count Bcrchtold, 
in Cur. Hist., vol. 12, 157-159. The best summary of new con- 
clusions based on this material is given by Fay, Xew Light on 
the Origins of the World War. in Amer. Hist. Rev., vol. 25, 
G16-6:-,!). vol. 26, 37-53. 225-254. 

XXI. BRITAIN AND GREATER BRITAIN IN THE WORLD WAR. 
1. The war on land. 

A. Resources of the belligerents. (Jeruiaii advantages at the 
start. Disadvantages of Britain. 

B. Campaigns on the Western Front. 1914-1915; 

C. The Gallipoli CamtJaign and the Serbian tragedy. 1915. 

D. Allied offensives on the AYestern Front. 1916-1917. 

E. Collapse of Russia and the Italian disaster. 1917. The 
I'nited States enters the war. 

F. Tlie gi-eat German offensives of 1918. 

— 32 — 



G. Victorious counter offensives of the Allies, July 18 — Novem- 
ber 11, 1918. 
H. The Armistice. Causes of Germany's downfall. 

2. Naval warfare. 

A. Services of the British navy. The few naval battles. 

B. Submarine warfare. 

3. Home affairs during the Great War. 

A. Machinery of government. 

a.- Situation at the outbreak of war. 
b. Cabinet and parties in the first year of the war. 
e. Cabinet crisis ; especially the formation of the small 
War Cabinet, December, 1916. 

B. Government control of person and property gradually 
established. 

a. Conscription. 

b. Control of industry. 

c. Control of shipping. 

d. Food control. Agriculture stimulated. 

e. British financial efforts. 

C. Changes in the form, character, and aims of labor organiaa- 
ticms. 

a. Causes. 

b. Changes advocated. Report of the British Labor Com- 
mittee. 

c. Government attitude toward the labor problem. The 
Whitley Report. 

D. Education Bill of 1918. 

E. The Representation of the People Act, 1918. The general 
election of 1918. 

F. The Dominions and the war. 

a. Canada. 

b. Aiistralia and New Zealand. 

c. South Africa and the war in Africa. 

d. Relations between the Dominions and Britain during 
and since the War. 

tlEFiSBENCES : — Cross, Shorter History, 832-907 ; Hayes, History of the 

Great War. 
A.DBITIONAL References : — 

The Representation of the People Act, 1918. 

Dickinson. The Greatest Reform Act, in Contemporary, vol. 113; 
241-249 ; Ogg, The British Representation of the People Act, 
in Amer. Pol. Sci. Rev., vol. 12, 498-503. 
The Education Act, 1918. 

London Times. Educational Supplement, August 8, 1918, pp. 334- 
336 (Full text of the law as enacted) ; Hopkinson, The 
Education Bill, in Contemporary, vol. 113 (February 1918), 
152-160; .John Adams. The Present Educational Position 
(Efforts to nullify the Act of 19J8), in Contemporary, vol. 

— 33 — 



119. 193-199 (Feb.. 1921). 
Relations between the Dominions and Britain. 

Marriott, Empire Partnership, in Fortnightly, vol. 110, 949- 
960. 

XXII. EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON GREAT BRITAIN. 

1. Political changes. War Cabinet. Submergence of the old 
Liberal Party. 

2. Economic and social changes. 

A. British public finance. Enormous increase of the national 
debt. Taxation required by the war. Decrease of British 
foreign investments. 

B. Credit inflation and the rise in prices. Fluctuations of for- 
eign exchange. 

C. Industrial dislocation. Shall government control of indus- 
tries be given up? 

D. Industrial unrest in Britain since the war. 

a. Causes. 

b. Formation of the Triple Aliance of Unionism. Demands 
of the Miners' Federation. Arguments for and against 
nationalization of the coal mines. 

c. The great coal strike of 1921. 

d. Spread of socialistic views among British laborers. Rise 
of the Labor Party. Demands and prospects. 

E. Progress toward the democratization of industry in Britain. 

a. Shop stewards. 

b. The Whitley Councils. 

F. Agricultural changes. 

a. Increased production during the war. 

b. Awakening of the agricultural laborers. 

c. Recent tendency of old land owners to sell out to new 
capitalists. 

G. The new Old Age Pensions Act. 

3. The Irish Question. 

A. Irish opinions on the war. 

B. The Sinn Fein insurrection of April 1916. Effects. 

C. The Irish Convention, 1917. 

D. Rapid spread of Sinn Fein. Reasons. Results. Sinn Fein- 
ers win in the election of 1918. 

E. Declaration of an Irish Republic. Agitation for indepen- 
dence. Disorders amounting almost to open warfare in 
Ireland, 1920-1921. 

F. The Fourth Home Rule Bill, 1920. Why not satisfactory 
to the majority of Irishmen? 

G. The Irish Free State set up. December. 1921. Terms of 
the Treaty. Election of June, 1922. Prospects for final 
settlement. 

— .S4 — 



4 Effects <.f the war <m Brtislo naval supremacy. The future of 
sea power. The Washin.u't(.u Arms Conference. December. 1021, 
and its results. 

n. P:ffects of the war on the British overseas possessions. 

A. The situation in India. 

a. Causes of native discontent. 

b. Attitude of the governing classes. 

<•. The (iovernment of India Act. December. 1010. 
d. Effects of this legislation. 

B. The situation in Eg.vpt. 

a. Causes of discontent. 

b. British promises of self-government, 
c Independence assured. 1021. 

C British interests in the Near East. Arabia, and Mesopotamia. 
D. Colonial mandate given Britain by the treaties of peace, 
1910. 
6 Effects of the war on British fm-eign policies. Differences be- 
tween England and France, especially regarding the reparations 
to be paid by Germany. 
llEFERENCEs:-Cross. Slwrter Histonf. SOr.-OOT ; Bowman. The New 

[Vorld, 12-70. 
Additional References : — 

British Public Finance. 

Tucker. The British Finance Act of 1920. in Qnarterly Journal 
of Economics, vol 35. 107-170: Marriott. Nntional Finance. The 
Budiiet of 1920, in Fortnightly. June. 1020; Barker. Britain's 
True Wealth and the Unimportance of the War Deht, in Mne- 
teenth Century, Nov. 1018 ; Villiers. Our National Finances, in 
Contemporan,. vol. 110. 502-508 ; Jennings. .4 Serhonian Bog of 
Finance, in Fortnightly, vol. 100. 81-00; HorwiU. Prohlems of 
Local Taxation in England, in Pol. 8ci. Quar. vol. 36. 561-571. 

Industrial Unrest and Its Causes. Reforms Needed. 

Henderson. Industrial Vnrest. in Contemporary, vol. 115. 361- 
368; Macassey. Discontent in Industry, in Edin. Rev., vol. 231, 
393-408; Government and Wages, in Edinhurg Rev. 231. 374-392; 
La})or Policy, in Fortnightly, vol. 106. 705-716*; Firth. Lahor 
and the State, in Fortnightly, vol. 106. 187-200; Masterman, 
Social Vnrest in Great Britain, in Atlantic, vol. 124. 255-266; 
Humphrey. The Changing Outlook of Trade Unionism, in Fort- 
nightly, vol. 100. 30-50; Cole. Labour in War and Peace, in 
Fortnightly, vol. 110. 972-984. 

Shall the British Coal Mines and Other Industries Be Nationalized : 
Report of the British Coal Commission (1910). in Nation, vol. 
109, 5-6; Wigglesworth. Should the Government Continue to 
Control Industry After the War? in Contemporary, vol. 115, 
202-209; Hart, Coal Nationalisation in England, in Pol. Sd. 
Quart.,' vol. 35. 555-565; The Coal ProUem, in Contemporary, 
vol. 110. 721-737; Marriott. Nationalization? in Nineteenth Cen- 

— 35 — 



tury, vol. S7, 4r)r)-4GS ; Hnrcl, British Lahor a^id Bolshevism, in 
Fortnightly, vol. lOS, 211-225; The Policy of Industrial Suicide, 
in Fortnightly, vol. 106, 77-90; Wade, Nationalization in Aus- 
tralia, in Fortnightly, vol. 106, 381-394; Tawney, British Goal 
Industry and the Question of Nationalization; in Quar. Jour. 
of Economics (Nov. 1920), vol. 35. 61-107; J. E. Barker, Coal 
and Shipping — TJie American Danger, in Fortnightly, vol. 109, 
255-266 (Feb. 1921). 

Prospects for British PX-onomic Recovery. British Exports. 

Barker. Viientployment — Its Cause and Its Only Remedy, in 
Forlnujlitlji. vol. 110. 8(59-879; Northcott, Unemployment Relief 
in Crcat Britain, in Pol. Sci. Quar. vol. 36. 420-432; ^larriott. 
The Industrial Outlook, in Contemporary, vol. 120. 1(!0-169 ; Mar- 
riott. The State and the Railirays. in Foriitightlg. .June and 
July, 1921. (vols. 109-110). 

Demands of I^abor Party. 

Cole. British Ijilior Strategy, in Nation, vol. 109. 517-518; Green, 
Real Meaning of a Labor Government, in Nineteenth Century, 
vol. 87, 254-262: Hatch. The Uprising of Labor, in Nineteenth 
Century, vol. 87, 17-26; Seddon. A Sane Labor Programme, in 
Nineteenth Century, April, 1920; Hearnshaw. The Labour Party 
at the Crossirays, in Fortnightly, vol. 105. 341-351; Humphrey, 
Changing Outlook of Tradtk Unionism, in Fortnightly, vol. 109, 
51-61; Firth, Labour and Democracy Since the War, in Fort- 
nightly, vol. 109, 204-216. 

Progress Toward the Democi'atization of Industry. 

Glend inning. The Whitley Councils, in Fortnightly, vol. 105, 
958-964; Greenwood, Development of British Industrial Thought, 
in Atlantic, vol. 124. 106-115 ; The Permanent Settlement of the 
Labor Trouble, in Fortnightly, vol. 106, 490-501; Reynard, The 
Gild Socialists, in Economic Journal, vol. 30, 321-.330. 

Agricnltni'al Changes. 

Green, The Awakenivg of Hodge, in Fortnightly vol. 107, 793- 
801; Tnrnor, The Way to Develop Agriculture, in Nineteenth 
V<'iitv.,-ji. v(,!. !)o, 10N7-1M)2; f'e^.i urne. The Land, in Nineteenth 
Century, vol. 90, 571-596; Turnor, The Land, and the Nation, in 
Nin-elecnth Century, vol 90. 158-164; Scott, Af/ricultural Co- 
operation, in Fortnightly, vol. 109, 593-602. 

The Irish Question, 1902-1922. 

General Surveys. 

Canby, The Irish Mind, in Atlantic, vol. 123, 34-43; Plunkett, in 
Living Age, March 1, 1919; Ireland and England, in Pol. Sci. 
Quart., vol. 34. 659-663; Marriott, The Heel of Achilles, in 
Nineteenth Century, vol. 87. 1100-1110; Monteagle, The Irish 
Problem, in Contemporary, vol. 118, 305-314; McGrath, The Sinn 
Fein Tragedy, in Fortnightly, vol. 105, 771-784; Longford, Ire- 
land after Fifty Years, in Fortnightly, vol. 106, (i80-691 ; Oldham, 
I'uhlic Finances of Ireland, in Economic Journal, vol. 30, 61-76. 

— ;!6 — 



Pro-Irish Discussion of the Irish Question (1921). 

O'Neill, The Sinn Fein Point of View, in New Europe, vol. 17, 
34-40; Rolleston, The Irish Malady, in Nineteenth Century, vol. 
88, 319-332 ; Childers, Ireland: The International Aspect, in 
Neiv Europe, vol. 11, 180-184; O'Reilly, Ireland's Independence, 
in Current Hist., vol. 12, 1046-1047. 

Disorders in Ireland, 1920-1921. 

Current Hist., vol. 12, 418-426, 775-781 ; The Irish Crisis, in New 
Europe, vol. 17, 26-34 ; Harding, Ireland's Reign of Terror and 
Why, in Current Hist., vol. 12, 1039-1046 ; Republican Govern- 
ment in Ireland, in Living Age, May 22, 1920 ; Bryce, England's 
Real Attitude on Ireland, in Current Hist., vol. 12, 939-943. 

The Government's Bill for Irish Home Rule (1919-1920). 
Pol. Sd. Quart., vol. 35, 95-96. 

The Irish State. Terms of the Treaty. 
Current History, vol. 15, 567-575. 

Discontent in India and the Reforms Made December, 1919. 

Stuart, Home Rule for India, in Amer. Pol. Sci. Rev. vol. 13, 
301-305; Oovernment of India Act, in Pol. 8ci. Quart., vol. 35, 
103-104; B. Houghton, Federation of India, in Pol. Sci. Quart., 
TOi. 34, 22(5-236, and Reform in India, in Pol. Sci. Quart., vol. 
35, 545-554; Bevan, The Reforms in India, in New Europe, 
vol. 14, 49-53; Unrest in India, in Living Age, vol. 312, 577-581 
(excellent summary of causes) ; Cotton, Parties and Politics in 
India, in Contemporary, vol. 119. 170-176; Dunsterville, The 
Coming Changes in India, in Fortnightly, vol. Ill, 488-497 ; 
O'Dwyer, Present Conditions in India, in Fortnightly, vol. 110, 
177-193; Van Tyne, The Indian Ferment, in Atlantic, vol. 130, 
93-104. 

The Prol)lem of Egypt. 

Chirol, The Egyptian Deadlock, in Fortnightly, vol. Ill, 1-12; 
McIIwraith, Report of the Milner Commission on Egypt, in 
Fortnightly, vol. 109, .^i61-566 ; Barclay, Egypt, in Fortnightly, 
vol. 109, 567-580. Bibbons, Great Britain in Egypt, in Century, 
May, 1920. 

The Washington Conference and British Sea Power. 

Barker, The Washington Conference and the Far East, in Fort- 
nightly, vol. Ill, 122-136; Hurd, The Washington Conference 
and the Naval Issue, in Fortnightly, vol. 110, 717-726 ; Frothing- 
ham. Increased Strength of the United States on the Sea, in 
Current History, vol. 12, 943-953; Sidebotham, The Future of 
Sea Pou-er. in Atlantic, vol. 123, 843-851 ; The Proceedings of the 
Arms Conference, in Current History, vol. 15, pp. i-xxxvi, 375- 
388, 521-566. 



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